CONTENTS: The Linnaeus Apostles
Global Science & Adventure, 8 Volumes
VOLUME ONE
BACKGROUND
Even if the apostles are the principal authors on the strength of their journals and their accounts of experiences of now vanished landscapes and cultures, the aim of the editors has also been to convey up-to-date knowledge about the 18th century and explanatory facts concerning the apostles. In Volumes One and Eight we have gathered information that is essential for an understanding of the 18th-century world. In the introductory volume leading writers in various subject fields have produced independent chapters that collectively introduce the reader under three topical headings - THE 18TH CENTURY, SEEKERS of TRUTH AND THE PRACTICAL ASPECTS - to the actual world in which the apostles lived or that they confronted during their journeys. Each chapter is self-contained and the information presented in it may in some cases be perceived as contradictory, but that is a decision taken by the editors in order to make things clear but also as a reminder that knowledge is and remains subject to change and may be interpreted over time in different ways. The concluding volume entitled ENCYCLOPÆDIA contains factual information presented in reference form under the following three headings: BIOGRAPHIES, BIBLIOGRAPHY and INDEX: Volumes One to Eight. It is in these two volumes that general facts and search facilities relating to all the volumes are to be found.
CONTENTS: VOLUME ONE
18th CENTURY
The first 18th century topic, written by Ulla Ehrensvärd, professor of historical cartography. The working title of the chapter is ONE WORLD, MANY HORIZONS (Chapter One). This will be an historical perspective on maps and how the world appeared from various points of view. This is a look at the truth from various horizons, not just European.
Staffan Helmfrid, professor emeritus of cultural geography, writes about SWEDEN, the homeland of Linnaeus and the majority of the apostles, from a global perspective (Chapter Two). What did 18th century Sweden look like? Professor Helmfrid takes us through the countryside and introduces us to nature, people, villages, cities, centres of authority and politics as well as giving us some idea of how the known world saw Sweden.
In Chapter Three, THE PEOPLE OF LINNAEUS' WORLD, Gunnar Broberg, Professor of History of Science and Ideas, acquaints us with the people of the18th century and help us understand how they looked at life, fellow man, nature and death; the sensual and emotional aspects that were a part of the everyday world of Linnaeus and his apostles.
SEEKERS OF TRUTH
A creative portrait of Linnaeus, CARL LINNAEUS - CARL VON LINNÉ (Chapter Four), written by Gunnar Eriksson, professor emeritus of History of Science and Ideas. Who was Linnaeus, this seeker of truth, what were his good sides and his bad? And another side of Linnaeus, the professional side; his passion for the truth about nature, his role in the scientific world and his sphere of influence.
Doctors and priests working in the oeconomy world of nature and culture - who were Linnaeus' followers and why did they become his apostles? How were they chosen? How extensive was Linnaeus' network and what were people instructed to do? The answers to these questions together with a list of the apostles and other followers. Written by Professor Sverker Sörlin (environmental history) in THE APOSTLES (Chapter Five).
With his students and apostles as his right hand, Linnaeus was able to make contact with and study foreign lands. But why choose to study religion or medicine rather than become a naturalist? Gunnar Eriksson, professor emeritus of History of Science and Ideas, outlines the 18th century view of education and knowledge in Chapter Six, CLERGYMAN OR PHYSICIAN? - a view that allowed Linnaeus to enrol as an undergraduate at the tender age of 10.
THE PRACTICAL ASPECTS
Six chapters have been devoted to the practical aspects of the apostles' voyages and their field work.
CARL LINNAEUS' INSTRUCTION FOR TRAVELLING SCIENTISTS OF NATURAL HISTORY (Chapter Seven) written by Carl Linnaeus. When Linnaeus dispatched his apostles on their often perilous expeditions he usually wrote down instructions for them - what to observe, what to collect and send home to him. Later in life, 1759, he decided to write a more general "Instruction for Travelling Naturalists" in which he not only gave practical hints, but also advice on how the traveller should conduct himself when meeting people of other cultures, religions and traditions.
OVER LAND AND SEA (Chapter Eight), written by Docent Per Sörbom, (History of Science and Ideas). The chapter describes the everyday life of the apostles as they travelled over land and sea in boats, wagons and on foot. Being robbed, falling ill, and being put in quarantine when arriving at a port of call were common occurrences. How did they survive? The difficulties of crossing borders and exchanging currency; did passports and visas exist? To send a message or material that had been collected home to Linnaeus could take years. How did the post work and how were things transported in the 18th century?
MR. SMEATHMAN'S USEFUL HINTS FOR THOSE WHO INTEND TO VISIT OR SETTLE IN AFRICA & OTHER HOT CLIMATES (Chapter Nine). In this extract, Smeathman offers some useful hints to those intending to travel to hot climates. From the writings of Henry Smeathman (1742-1786) an English natural historian and social reformer.
Textile historian Viveka Hansen examines what the apostles had in their baggage, IN THE CHEST (Chapter Ten). Clothes, wigs, medicines, writing materials, paper, books, personal hygiene articles etc are just a few of the items that have been noted when analysing documents written by the apostles.
Scientific instruments, tools and reference works were other important and precious items that were packed for the voyage. These often costly, and sometimes unproven instruments in the field, will be described by Karl Grandin PhD (History of Science and Ideas) and Anders Eriksson M.A. in Chapter Eleven, SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS.
The collections of the apostles that were made during their travels in distant and strange environments are now to be found all over the world. But how did they actually set about gathering botanical, zoological, geological and ethnographical material? The management of the apostles' fieldwork in tropical as well as arctic environments is the topic of Chapter Twelve, COLLECTING AND PREPARING. Written by taxidermist and journalist Ragnar Edberg..
TITLE: THE LINNAEUS APOSTLES - GLOBAL SCIENCE & ADVENTURE. INTRODUCTION. VOLUME ONE.
LANGUAGE: English.
ISBN: 978-1-904145-15-8
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Lars Hansen
FACT FILES
Use the FACT FILES to put the real world of Linnaeus first - it is pure knowledge! You can learn more about the people listed below, the subjects that interested Carl Linnaeus, his Apostles and IK Foundation & Company's Linnaeus related publications, news and exhibitions.
VOLUME ONE 
EUROPE, THE ARCTIC & ASIA 
