CONTENTS: The Linnaeus Apostles
Global Science & Adventure, 8 Volumes
VOLUME THREE
BACKGROUND
In Volumes Two to Seven, divided into a total of nine books, the experiences of the 17 apostles during their various journeys are presented. The division into volumes has been undertaken on a geographical basis, but each apostle's text constitutes a separate unit within the respective volumes. Out of respect for each apostle's text the decision was taken to dispense with the use of modern commentaries, so that the published texts will instead be seen as unique observations that form a basis for further research and inspiration. The selection of published texts has been undertaken in a descending order of priority according to the following principles:
Where published texts exists, these have been used when they have been regarded as being the qualitatively best ones from a scientific and descriptive point of view.
If a published text has not previously been translated into English, it has been used as the basis for a translation.
If the text has not been published or some other forms of original material (original manuscript, journal, diary or correspondence) exist that have been judged to provide a better basis, these have been used for translation and publication.
If a journey has not been fully published or has only been partly translated, points 1 to 3 above have in some cases been combined in chronological order by assembling the material into a single unit.
If no original materials exists, the written material produced by fellow travellers (manuscript, journal, diary or correspondence) during the same journey has been used for translation and publication.
The methods used by the TRANSLATORS and TRANSCRIBERS in working on some of the apostles' texts were to a certain extent determined by the circumstances that prevailed in the 18th century. We have relied on a tried and tested tradition with well-established rules regarding historical manuscripts in order to reproduce the texts correctly. Exceptions to that have been made with regard to references to illustrations in previous editions as well as to secondary texts (i.e. texts not derived from the apostles themselves in earlier editions), which have been omitted from the present text when regarded as irrelevant to the present edition. No attempt has been made to imitate the linguistic usage of the 18th century, the main aim having been to present the information and the content as such. The same applies to the transcription of names, though these have naturally followed the usage in the original texts. In the case of extensive lists of purely scientific descriptions - in some cases in Latin or German - in the original works the text has been reduced in size in this edition as compared with their original form.
As each published text has an individual identity, which must be treated with respect for variations in background and individual idiosyncrasies within the overall framework, it will display a unique structure and style. In order to document the source materials and mode of procedure and as a guide to how each apostle's text has been dealt with, each one is followed by TRANSLATOR'S AND TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES compiled by those responsible for the translation and transcription of the respective texts.
The selection of MAPS and ILLUSTRATIONS has followed the points listed above, allowing for the fact that illustrations from earlier publications have varied to some extent in the various language editions. The reproductions of maps and illustrations are, as far as it has been possible and justifiable, in the original scale, and they have been placed in their original positions in the texts. Stains and damage etc. in the source material has been removed with some care, as these have been judged to be less significant than when reproducing a unique document, while the grey scales of the original editions have been adjusted to present-day paper and printing techniques.
CONTENTS: VOLUME THREE. Book One, Two & Three
This volume - EUROPE, NORTH & SOUTH AMERICA - consists of three books, in the first two of which is published PEHR KALM'S journey and detailed accounts of the cultural and natural history of both the English and above all the North American landscapes. In the third book there are unique descriptions of PEHR LÖFLING'S studies in Spain and his journey to Venezuela. DANIEL ROLANDER'S comprehensive and detailed interdisciplinary presentation of mainly Suriname concludes the volume's wealth of accounts from the New World. The volume is amply illustrated with plates and maps.
Book One & Two:
TITLE: THE LINNAEUS APOSTLES - GLOBAL SCIENCE & ADVENTURE. EUROPE, NORTH- & SOUTH AMERICA. VOLUME THREE BOOK ONE & BOOK TWO. PEHR KALM
SUBTITLE: PEHR KALM'S JOURNAL. Sweden - Norway - England - USA - Canada.
SOURCE 1: Pehr Kalm, Travel Diary of the Journey to North America. Translated from the Swedish; Kalm, Pehr, Resejournal över resan till Norra Amerika, published by Martti Kerkkonen & John E. Roos, Helsingfors part 1 1966 och part 2 (parts of) 1970.
SOURCE 2: Kalm, Peter (Pehr), Travels into North America, Vol. I, Warrington 1770 Vol. II - III, London 1771.
SOURCE 3: Pehr Kalm, Travel Diary of the Journey to North America.
Translated from the Swedish; Kalm, Pehr, Resejournal över resan till Norra Amerika, published by John E. Roos & Harry Krogerus, Helsingfors part 4 (parts of) 1988.
LANGUAGE: English, (Scientific names in Latin. Shorter passages in French. Vocabulary in Eskimo).
Translated by Peter Hogg. Transcribed by Viveka Hansen.
Book Three:
TITLE: THE LINNAEUS APOSTLES - GLOBAL SCIENCE & ADVENTURE. EUROPE, NORTH- & SOUTH AMERICA. VOLUME THREE BOOK THREE. PEHR LÖFLING, DANIEL ROLANDER.
SUBTITLE 1: PEHR LÖFLING´S JOURNAL. Sweden - Denmark - Portugal - Spain - Venezuela.
SOURCE 1: Petri Loefling, Iter Hispanicum, or voyage to Spanish countries in Europe and America carried out from AD 1751 TO AD 1756, published by Carl Linnaeus, Stockholm 1758. Translated from the Swedish; Loefling, Petri, (Pehr Löfling), Iter Hispanicum, eller Resa til Spanska Länderna uti Europa och America, förrättad ifrån År 1751 til år 1756, utgifven af Carl Linnaeus, Stockholm 1758.
LANGUAGE: English, (Scientific names in Latin. Floras in Latin).
Translated by Richard Emery and Mark Wells. Transcribed by Viveka Hansen.
SUBTITLE 2: DANIEL ROLANDER´S JOURNAL. Sweden - Denmark - Germany - Holland - Suriname - St. Kitts & Nevis.
SOURCE 2: Daniel Rolander, The Suriname Journal: composed during an exotic journey. Translated from Latin manuscript; DIARIUM SURINAMICUM, quod sub itinere exotico conscripsit, Daniel Rolander.
LANGUAGE: English, (Scientific names and shorter descriptions of these in Latin).
Translated by - James Dobreff, Claes Dahlman, David Morgan and Joseph Tipton.
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VOLUME THREE
EUROPE, THE ARCTIC & ASIA 
